Heinrich Panofka (1807-87) was a German voice teacher and violinist. He set up an Academy for Singing in 1842 in Paris. He published various books with lessons on singing technique over the course of his career. He believed that it was necessary to begin by singing on an open vowel sound such as “aa” before attempting to sing with solfège or lyrics. This course takes you through 14 exercises published in his book “The ABC of Voice”.